Arts in Southeast Asia
ฐานข้อมูลศิลปกรรมในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้
ศิลปกรรมยอดนิยม
Most Popular
PaintingMural Paintings Depicting Ramayana
The mural paintings show a combination of traditional and modern painting techniques as follows: the traditional painting techniques are demonstrated through the main characters’ dresses are similar to those in the Masked dance drama, they are showing the same dance movements, and the characters’ adornments are gilded. The modern painting techniques include the use of horizon lines and perspective, imitation of real buildings such as palaces in the Grand Palace, and depiction of real landscapes. In addition, the paintings also show ways of life of people in the Thai Royal Court and ordinary Thai people and humor through the supporting characters. There are 178 painting panels in total; and each painting comes with verse of Ramayana poetry on the lower part of the panels, 224 verses in total.
SculptureAvalokitesvara Bodhisattva
The sculpture is in the damaged condition. Only the head and upper body in ‘Tribhanga’ posture (standing body position or stance used in the traditional Indian sculpture, art and Indian classical dance forms) are left. The lower part of body is lost.The face is plump and well-crafted. The eyelids are half closed. The Unalome is visible at the forehead while head wears the triangle crown with jewelries. The hair bun on the top of the head is broken and lost, only the hair that is down to the shoulders left. The body wears many accessories such as the leather body bracelet with the chamois head on the left shoulder. This body bracelet is overlapped by a pearl body bracelet. Two necklaces, the top one is of pearls and the lower one is jewelries with flowers decorated. The jewels bracelet is also visible. Overall, this sculpture reflects the relationship between the Network of Mahayana Buddhist Kingdoms such as Pala Dynasty of India and Shailendra Dynasty of Java. However, the study by Assoc Prof Chet Tingsanchali points out the traits of the sculpture that do not exist in Java Art which means this sculpture might be crafted in Thailand.
ArchitecturePhra Sri Rattanachedi
Phra Sri Rattanachedi is a bell-shaped stupa in circular plan. Its four niches which have doors leading to the inner chamber, where the relics are kept in the small golden stupa, have smaller bell-shaped stupa on the top. The stupa is on a set of pyramidal lotus-shaped pedestals with wires in round plan. Its Ballang is in square plan, surrounded by supporting pillars.
ArchitectureChedi Phukhao Thong
Chedi Phukhao Thong is a monumental architecture. It comprises a pyramidal ambulatory platform with a staircase projecting from the middle of all four sides and a 12-angle indented (recessed) body. The upper part of the chedi, which now tilted slightly, is composed of Buddha niches on four sides, triple rings moulding, anindented bell-shaped dome and a spire.
ArchitecturePhra Ubosot Wat Phra Sri Rattanasatsadaram
Phra Ubosot Wat Phra Sri Rattanasatsadaram is a traditional Thai brick-and-stucco architecture in rectangular plan with boundary and faces the east.The three-tiered wooden roof is decorated by blue roof tiles, with orange and yellow roof tiles at the edge line. The cornice is decorated with Chorfah, Bairaka, Naksadung and Hanghong. The floral-carved-wooden pediment is coated with gold lacquer and glass, whose centre displays Vishnu riding Garuda.The exterior wall is decorated with gold-lacquer-and-glass Phoom Khao Bindh pattern, while there are Garuda holding Naga sculptures around the pedestal. Three doorways can be found both in the front and the back, with three pairs of bronze lion figures at the front staircase. There are pillars in dodecagonal plan surrounding the ubosot in the veranda area. Its echinus is a lotus shape and brackets are supporting the eaves.
ArchitecturePrasat Phra Thep Bidorn
Prasat Phra Thep Bidorn is a four-portico building with Prang top. The front projecting portico is in the east. The wall is decorated by tiles in Phoom Khao Bindh pattern on blue background. The cornice is decorated with Chorfah, Bairaka, Naksadung and Hanghong. A prang is on the top of the building, which is made from plaster and decorated with coloured tiles. Its four pediments display the royal coats of arms. The northern portico’s pediment displays Unalom of King Rama I. The southern portico’s pediment displays Garuda holding Nagas of King Rama II. The western portico’s pediment displays Phra Viman of King Rama III and the eastern portico’s pediment displays Phra Makamongkut of King Rama IV. The windows and doorways has Mongkut tops which are coated with gold lacquer and glass, while the sided walls show the royal coats of arms of King Rama I – V.
SculptureYakṣas at the Temple of the Emerald Buddha
The 12 sculptures are made of stucco with colorful glazed porcelain adornments according to Rammakian including different types of crowns, blouses, costumes, pointed sandals, etc. Their bodies were also painted according to the literary work.6 pairs of Yakṣas are as follows: 1.Suriyaphop – Intharachit 2.Mangkonkan – Wirunhok 3.Thotsakhichanthon – Thotsakhiriwan 4.Chakrawat – Atsakanmarasun 5.Thotsakan - Sahatsadecha Maiyarap - Wirunchambang
ArchitecturePhra Ubosot Wat Benchamabophit Dusitwanaram
Phra ubosot is in projecting cross plan and faces the east The easterm portico is extended, while the duplicated Phra Phuttha Jinaraj is installed in the western wing. The northern and southern porticos are linked to the cloister that leads to the back of the building.The front edge of the boundary stand concrete pillars with lotus-bud-shaped echinus, which signify “Sema”, while the back of the ubosot shows through Dharmacakra Sema on a granite-carved floor tiles. The boundary floor uses pink and gray granite tiles, while the wall is a white marble.The eastern and western porticos have four marble pillars in circular plan. Beside the staircase of each side stand a pair of marble-carved lions, which Prince Naris designed and molded by Khun Sakolpradit, the royal artisan.The exterior door was embossed with Dvarapala, while the interior door was painted the same figure with golden lacquer. The windows use the same technic, however, with Mara Baek. The niches were decorated by stained glass.The roof was built in traditional Thai form with yellow corrugated tiles and Thepphanom at the eaves, which once were the roof tiles of Wat Kalayanamite that later had been coloured in China. The pediment of phra ubosot displays the important state coat of arms. The eastern portico’s pediment displays Vishnu riding Garuda which stands for Phra Krooth Pah emblem. The western portico’s pediment display Unalom in Bussabok which stands for Maha Unalom or Maha Ongkarn emblem. The northern portico’s pediment displays three-headed elephant carrying bussabok which stands for Aiyarapot emblem. The southern portico’s pediment displays Cakra which stands for Cakraroth or Dharmacakra emblem.
ศิลปกรรมล่าสุด
Latest
Minaret of Masjid Kampong Kling
The Southeast Asian-styled mosques are different from Indian or Persian masjids. The mosque has a square plan with 4 pillars supporting the sloping roof with the wooden beam supporting the tile roof without any dome. Other interesting point is the minaret that has stacked body with the Chinese sloping roof at the top. The shape of the minaret is similar to Chinese pagoda. At the same time, the minaret is also look alike the Dargarh type tower in Nagapattinam in South India
Dutch Colonization Period
17th – 18th century
Architecture
SculptureThe great Emperor Buddha
The Buddha image in the attitude of meditation sitting cross-legs with one top of another displaying the attitude of subduing Mara. The image has a slim body, oval- round face, small hair curl, flame-like halo, curve eyebrows, small eyes, the lips are slightly curve until it is almost straight. The face looks like a manikin and this is the specific style of Buddha images in the reign of King Rama III. The image wears jewels such as the crown, necklace, breast chain, armlet, bracelet, and anklet.
ArchitecturePainting of the Mahayana Buddha and Bodhisattva
The composition of this painting is written on a dark blue background with a curved and spiked frame. There are five Buddha sitting in rows inside the frame. Each Buddha wears dark color almost red, oblique and no streak robe. There is a small strip Samghati, from the left shoulder to the belly. The face and body are gold-plated. Above the head, there is a gold-plated flame halo with no urna which is an important symbol of royal intention Buddha images of King Rama IV. All Buddha are dhyana mudra (also called the samadhi mudra) on lotus base that support by singha base inside the glass curved arch. At the end of arch looks like hawk face beside. The middle crest is a Kranok pattern similar to the straight head naga. Top of the arch decorate by Bodhi tree, surround with frame Kranok pattern. This is the style of royal intention Buddha images arch of King Rama IV too. Under the base of each Buddha has a golden Khom alphabet on the red background.Above five Buddhas, there is a shining urna over the lotus. The center of urna has Khom alphabet. Under the lotus has Khom alphabet on red background. ฺBelow Buddhas are five persons who dress like an angel. Everyone wears jewelry that is gilded : crown with ears decorate, necklace, breast chain, bracelet. Wear striped paint cloth with two layers seam, golden anklet and shoes. Stand on the platform with cloth inside the arch which is similar to Buddhas arch without bodhi. Under each platform has golden Khom alphabet on red background, along with chicken, naga, turtle, cow and lion.All these paintings are related to the Mahayana belief. Because the alphabets that appear under each Buddha are : “Vairochana” “Akshobhya” “Ratnasambhava” “Amitabha” และ “Amogasiddhi” in order from left to right. This name corresponds to the Khom alphabets under the urna and above the paintings of the Buddha which read “Dhyani Buddhas” The Khom alphabets that are under the paintings of five person who dresses like angels are : “Samantabhadra” “Vajrapani” “Ratnapani” “Pattamapani” and “Vishvapani”. So, it corresponds to the paintings of each Dhyani Buddhas that have Bodhisattva below. And believe that animals below of each Bodhisattva are the symbol of the five Buddhas who enlighten in the earth. The urna that appears on top, there is three Khom alphabets inside which read : A U Ma or Ohm. It is the worship words of God in accordance with the belief in ancient Brahman. It is interesting that it was written above the text and images of Dhyani Buddhas, which is a subject in Buddhism.
ArchitectureBodhikhara
Some of the places where Bodhi trees enshrined have base around. There is a singha base in the square diagram. The wall is made of Chinese glazed tile and the stairs would have only one or four sides. There are some buildings that surround the Bodhi Tree, called the Bodhikhara, such as Wat Pathum Wanaram And Wat Bowonniwet Vihara, the Bodhikhara has square diagram. It has wall on ridges of the roof and leave the center area to allow the Bodhi Tree to grow.
ArchitectureWat Thongnoppakun’s ubosot
The ubosot is a Thai traditional building, masonry Building. The roof is stacked layers wood with tiles. The gable decorate with gable apex, bairaka, Haghgss and posture of Naga. It is assumed that the work was in post King Rama III reign. There are more decorative decorations that use symbols, which were characteristic of the reign of King Rama IV. The gable of ubosot has two layers, the upper layer is Tripitaka on phan(tray with pedestal) flanked by the candlestick. The lower layer decorate with angels sculpture. It maybe consistent with the painting inside the temple depicting the Tripitaka. The ubosot has three entrance doors, the center is crown shape. Another two is castle shape. The center window is crown shape. Another two which is flank is fan of ranks shape.
SculpturePhra Buddha mahaloka phinantha patima
Phra Buddha mahaloka phinantha patima has a unique form of Buddha image that created in the reign of King Rama III, that is slim body, quite round, semi-oval face, small knot hair, flame halo, bent eyebrows, almond-eyed, curves mouth curves almost straight, puppet face, Urna supports the halo, squat in Subduing Mara pose, equal four fingers and wear oblique robe without streak.
PaintingThe painting of Mahosot Jataka
The stories featured in the wall painting are traditional tales such as the life of Lord Buddha, The Gathering of Devas Jataka, and Buddhist Cosmology. However, there is evidence of Western influences in the form of realistic style of painting in each scene in the buildings and the livelihood of people. The painting also reflected the traditional technique of depiction of the royalties through the Ramayana’s like style of humans, both for male and female characters with the glid on top of them. The darker color background also drives the pictures of the Palace, households and humans to stand out in the dimensional way.
ArchitecturePhra Maha Chedi Phakdi Prakat
Phra Maha Chedi Phakdi Prakat is located on the hill close to Ban Krut Beach in Wat Tang Sai, Bang Saphan, Prachuap Khiri Khan. The Chedi is the 5-floor building decorated with Nine bell-shaped spires.Each floor of the Chedi consists of the following elements; The 1st floor is used as the rain catchment with many gutters link to the floor. The 2nd floor is the multi-purpose hall that can be used to house people gathering in the Buddhist Holidays.The 3rd floor is the Vihara that used for the important ceremonies such as sermons, Kathin, Robe-presenting ceremony, etc. The wall of the Vihara is decorated with the painting of the 12-month Royal Customs and local customs of each regions of Thailand. The 4th floor is the Ubosot housing the Principle Buddha which is the abhāya mudrā (forgiving posture) which is the same posture with the personal Buddha of The King. The wall is decorated with the painting of story when Lord Buddha returned from the Tāvatiṃsa heaven. The windows are decorated with stained glass. There is the balcony at this floor that can see the scenery of Ban Krut beach. The 5th floor is the house of the relic of Lord Buddha which is stored on the Busabok. The floor only open to visit on Visakha Puja festival.
SculpturePhra Mahajanaka Buddha
The Buddha Image is placed on top of the plaster base in the Subduing Mara gesture. The body is covered by the the flowered yellow robe with other decorations such as the multi-tiered conical diadem crown similar to Phra Maha Phichai Mongkut featuring 3-tier of diadem, each tier is decorated with moving flowers, the ear gears, necklace, rings, armlaces, pahurats, and sandals. The face is in the calm emotion, eyes down, curvy eyebrows, little smile at the mouth. Overall, the statue reflected the art traits of Rattanakosin arts.
