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Arts in Southeast Asia Database
SculptureThe radiant Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva
The radiant Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva is in a standing position but with missing limbs as in the head, hands, shins, and feet. The chest, shoulders and upper arms of the body are decorated with many rows of Buddha images that looks like armor.There is a large image of a person in the middle of the chest and the waist and this might refer to Prachya Paramita. The image wears shorts with roughly engraved pattern. Its lower body from the thigh to the feet is in disproportion according to the sculpture in Bayon style.
ArchitecturePrasat Kumpanglang
Prasat Kumpanglang is surrounded by a square laterite wall. It is facing east. Inside the laterite wall is the location of four laterite prasats in Khmer Arts. The 3 prasats in the front were arranged in a north-south line. The principle prasat is taller than the other two. This is similar to Prang Sam Yod in Lopburi.The fourth prasat is located behind the principle prasat on the east side. Stucco patterns appear on this prasat. In the front there is a gopura or an entrance. Inside the laterite wall on the eastern area appears a pond. Important artifacts that were found here are the radiant Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, the body part of the 4- arm Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, the body part of a Buddha image Sheltered by a Naga, and the head of Prachya Paramita. The use of laterite as the main material for the construction and the layout of the diagram displays the motto of the Buddhistic Triad. The northern prasat is Prachya Paramita, the central prasat is the Buddha image Sheltered by a Naga, and the southern prasat is Avalokiteshvara; the arrrangement of the idols like this is found in Mahayana Buddhism during the 18th century B.E. in the reign of King Jayavarman VII; therefore, the age of the site can be determined to be contemporary with King Jayavarman VII. The Preah Khan Inscription of Cambodia mentioned Mueang “Srichaiya Watcharapura” (Mueang Phetchaburi) that it was one of the six ancient Mueangs in the Central Region where one of 23 Pra Chaiya Buddha Mahanat had been sent from Mueang Phra Nakhon Luang to be enshrined in Mueang Phetchaburi. When compared to the ancient ruins, it can be confirmed that this Prasat Kumpanglang is the prasat mentioned in the inscription. Prasat Preah Khan is a prasat that is contemporary with King Jayavarman VII as well.
ArchitectureThe wall of Wat Mahathat Worawihan
Since the Royal Viharn of Wat Mahathat was built in the overlapped area that used to be the site of a Khmer castle in the 18th century B.E., the archaeological excavations shows the diagram of the overlaid Khmer castle is as follows: The diagram is square and at the center of the diagram appears a base of a principle prasat made of laterite surrounded by a curved outer wall. There are traces of the gopura only in the north and the south. It might be possible that the curved outer wall might have a gopura on each of the four directions and their positions corresponded with the positions of the gopuras of the inner wall made of laterite that is next to it. The east side shows a trace of a long path from the gopura of the curved outer wall connects to the gopura of the inner wall. On the inner wall adorns the Tap Lang (lintel) Kamphaeng which was made of red sandstone engraved a Buddha image sitting cross- legged in a meditating position; some lintels engraved a Buddha image while some engraved 2-4 Buddha images.The styles of the lintels are mixed between Khmer culture of the 18th century B.E, Ayutthaya and Rattanakosin periods. The art style of the lintel in Bayon is mostly similar. They are Buddha images sitting cross-legged in a meditating position. The hair is flat with no decorations. The radius is in a cone shape. The eyebrows are connected and the eyes are looking low. The outer rope is plain with no decorations nor stripes. The Buddha images are situated on the arched wall, decorated its upper edges with Ruay Rakha and the lower edges are decorated with Kanok or Tua Ngao patterns facing inward.Decorations in the inner wall with Buddha images appears in only a few places in Khmer Architecture in Thailand such as the Noen Khok Phra Archaeological Site, Pak Thong Chai District Nakhon Ratchasima province.
Sculpture Votive Tablet
This is an oval votive tablet. There is a Buddha image with dropping legs in the middle. The hands are depicted in the attitude of giving the first sermon. The Buddha image is in a building of Sikara surrounded by small stupas. There are lotuses supporting his feet on both sides. There are patterns, which can be a crouching deer.
SculptureCraved rock depicting a Buddha image
The Buddha image is seated in a meditation attitude. There is an umbrella covering his head. On the right, there is the wheel of law placed on a pillar. On the left, there is a round Chedi.
SculptureBuddha Seated in the European Style
The Buddha seated in the European style is a bas-relief carved on the wall of the cave, and it was later gilded and painted in gold by contemporary people. The Buddha has a round face with a distinctive thin unibrow, protuberant eyes, a flattened nose, and protruding lips. These features are comparable with those of common Buddha Image in Dvaravati art. It’s noticeable that an aureole in the shape of an unopened lotus flower is above the cranial protuberance or Uṣṇīṣa. The Buddha is wearing a thin monastic robe along his left arm while exposing his right shoulder with the hem of the uppergarment on his left shoulder. The Buddha’s right hand is raised in the preaching gesture, while his left hand is placed on his lap.
SculptureHead of Buddha Image
The head of Buddha Image has a round face, broad forehead with connected eyebrows. The Buddha also has protuberant eyes looking down towards the floor; a huge nose; protruding lips; short and tight ringlet curls; and a Uṣṇīṣa shown as a cranial protuberance. There is a hole in the Uṣṇīṣa which possibly used to be decorated with an aureole made of gemstone or might be the space for enshrining Śarīra or relics of the Buddha.
ArchitecturePhra Maha Chedi Phakdi Prakat
Phra Maha Chedi Phakdi Prakat is located on the hill close to Ban Krut Beach in Wat Tang Sai, Bang Saphan, Prachuap Khiri Khan. The Chedi is the 5-floor building decorated with Nine bell-shaped spires.Each floor of the Chedi consists of the following elements; The 1st floor is used as the rain catchment with many gutters link to the floor. The 2nd floor is the multi-purpose hall that can be used to house people gathering in the Buddhist Holidays.The 3rd floor is the Vihara that used for the important ceremonies such as sermons, Kathin, Robe-presenting ceremony, etc. The wall of the Vihara is decorated with the painting of the 12-month Royal Customs and local customs of each regions of Thailand. The 4th floor is the Ubosot housing the Principle Buddha which is the abhāya mudrā (forgiving posture) which is the same posture with the personal Buddha of The King. The wall is decorated with the painting of story when Lord Buddha returned from the Tāvatiṃsa heaven. The windows are decorated with stained glass. There is the balcony at this floor that can see the scenery of Ban Krut beach. The 5th floor is the house of the relic of Lord Buddha which is stored on the Busabok. The floor only open to visit on Visakha Puja festival.
