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Arts in Southeast Asia Database
SculptureThe radiant Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva
The radiant Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva is in a standing position but with missing limbs as in the head, hands, shins, and feet. The chest, shoulders and upper arms of the body are decorated with many rows of Buddha images that looks like armor.There is a large image of a person in the middle of the chest and the waist and this might refer to Prachya Paramita. The image wears shorts with roughly engraved pattern. Its lower body from the thigh to the feet is in disproportion according to the sculpture in Bayon style.
ArchitectureThe wall of Wat Mahathat Worawihan
Since the Royal Viharn of Wat Mahathat was built in the overlapped area that used to be the site of a Khmer castle in the 18th century B.E., the archaeological excavations shows the diagram of the overlaid Khmer castle is as follows: The diagram is square and at the center of the diagram appears a base of a principle prasat made of laterite surrounded by a curved outer wall. There are traces of the gopura only in the north and the south. It might be possible that the curved outer wall might have a gopura on each of the four directions and their positions corresponded with the positions of the gopuras of the inner wall made of laterite that is next to it. The east side shows a trace of a long path from the gopura of the curved outer wall connects to the gopura of the inner wall. On the inner wall adorns the Tap Lang (lintel) Kamphaeng which was made of red sandstone engraved a Buddha image sitting cross- legged in a meditating position; some lintels engraved a Buddha image while some engraved 2-4 Buddha images.The styles of the lintels are mixed between Khmer culture of the 18th century B.E, Ayutthaya and Rattanakosin periods. The art style of the lintel in Bayon is mostly similar. They are Buddha images sitting cross-legged in a meditating position. The hair is flat with no decorations. The radius is in a cone shape. The eyebrows are connected and the eyes are looking low. The outer rope is plain with no decorations nor stripes. The Buddha images are situated on the arched wall, decorated its upper edges with Ruay Rakha and the lower edges are decorated with Kanok or Tua Ngao patterns facing inward.Decorations in the inner wall with Buddha images appears in only a few places in Khmer Architecture in Thailand such as the Noen Khok Phra Archaeological Site, Pak Thong Chai District Nakhon Ratchasima province.
Sculpture Votive Tablet
This is an oval votive tablet. There is a Buddha image with dropping legs in the middle. The hands are depicted in the attitude of giving the first sermon. The Buddha image is in a building of Sikara surrounded by small stupas. There are lotuses supporting his feet on both sides. There are patterns, which can be a crouching deer.
SculptureCraved rock depicting a Buddha image
The Buddha image is seated in a meditation attitude. There is an umbrella covering his head. On the right, there is the wheel of law placed on a pillar. On the left, there is a round Chedi.
SculptureBuddha Seated in the European Style
The Buddha seated in the European style is a bas-relief carved on the wall of the cave, and it was later gilded and painted in gold by contemporary people. The Buddha has a round face with a distinctive thin unibrow, protuberant eyes, a flattened nose, and protruding lips. These features are comparable with those of common Buddha Image in Dvaravati art. It’s noticeable that an aureole in the shape of an unopened lotus flower is above the cranial protuberance or Uṣṇīṣa. The Buddha is wearing a thin monastic robe along his left arm while exposing his right shoulder with the hem of the uppergarment on his left shoulder. The Buddha’s right hand is raised in the preaching gesture, while his left hand is placed on his lap.
SculptureHead of Buddha Image
The head of Buddha Image has a round face, broad forehead with connected eyebrows. The Buddha also has protuberant eyes looking down towards the floor; a huge nose; protruding lips; short and tight ringlet curls; and a Uṣṇīṣa shown as a cranial protuberance. There is a hole in the Uṣṇīṣa which possibly used to be decorated with an aureole made of gemstone or might be the space for enshrining Śarīra or relics of the Buddha.
PaintingThe Wall Painting of Wat Kong Kha Ram
The Wall Painting of the Ubosot of Wat Kongkaram has the composition that similar to the artwork in Bangkok during the reign of King Nangklao. At the back of the Principle Buddha is the Buddhist Cosmology while the opposite side of the Buddha Image is the painting of the “Defying Mara” part of Lord Buddha’s life. The Wall between the 2 windows painted with the Mahanipata Jataka (Last 10 jataka). The area above the windows is the depiction of Lord Buddha’s life. The gates were painted with the pictures the Guardians subduing Maras. The characters from Buddhist Cosmology such as Bodhisattvas, God Indra, and other devas (angels) are depicted in the traditional Thai art positions. Other human characters like slodiers and villagers are depicted in the natural realistic positions. The pictures of the palace, forts and walls are depicted realistically using the grey line to separate some parts of the story but mostly used the bush, trees, and stones as the natural partition of the story.
