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Arts in Southeast Asia Database
PaintingThe Moral Painting in Viharn Lai Kham
The mural painting at the Viharn Lai Kham has many parts, on the wall at the end of the viharn is a line of Buddhas in the past, the north wall is a picture of Suwan Hong, the south wall is a picture of Golden Conch, above the picture of Suwan Hong and Golden Conch is a Thep Chumnum. The image appears to be 3D and more realistic which is influenced by Rattanakosin art that influenced by Western and Burmese art such as the Payathat architecture form or various royal dressing and “Kak” picture that depicting the life of the people in greater amounts than murals in the central region.
PaintingThe mural painting in Vihara Nam Tam
The style of painting in Nam Tam Vihara featured red, green, yellow, black and white, with the prominent people figures dressed in Burmese style, while the common villagers dressed in the folk Lanna and Burmese styles. The landscape paintings used the curve line to divide the picture. There are Lanna alphabet inscriptions on the story of Indra and Samavadee. There is a painting of Triphum story which is displayed as a pole in the middle of Indra's Prasat in heaven with the sun and the moon revolving around it.
ArchitectureThe wall of Wat Mahathat Worawihan
Since the Royal Viharn of Wat Mahathat was built in the overlapped area that used to be the site of a Khmer castle in the 18th century B.E., the archaeological excavations shows the diagram of the overlaid Khmer castle is as follows: The diagram is square and at the center of the diagram appears a base of a principle prasat made of laterite surrounded by a curved outer wall. There are traces of the gopura only in the north and the south. It might be possible that the curved outer wall might have a gopura on each of the four directions and their positions corresponded with the positions of the gopuras of the inner wall made of laterite that is next to it. The east side shows a trace of a long path from the gopura of the curved outer wall connects to the gopura of the inner wall. On the inner wall adorns the Tap Lang (lintel) Kamphaeng which was made of red sandstone engraved a Buddha image sitting cross- legged in a meditating position; some lintels engraved a Buddha image while some engraved 2-4 Buddha images.The styles of the lintels are mixed between Khmer culture of the 18th century B.E, Ayutthaya and Rattanakosin periods. The art style of the lintel in Bayon is mostly similar. They are Buddha images sitting cross-legged in a meditating position. The hair is flat with no decorations. The radius is in a cone shape. The eyebrows are connected and the eyes are looking low. The outer rope is plain with no decorations nor stripes. The Buddha images are situated on the arched wall, decorated its upper edges with Ruay Rakha and the lower edges are decorated with Kanok or Tua Ngao patterns facing inward.Decorations in the inner wall with Buddha images appears in only a few places in Khmer Architecture in Thailand such as the Noen Khok Phra Archaeological Site, Pak Thong Chai District Nakhon Ratchasima province.
ArchitectureRelics of Nakhon Si Thammarat
The current form from the base until the top of the Relics Nakhon Si Thammarat is as follows.The bottom part is high surrounded by a balcony called Tubkaset Vihara. The stairway leads to the courtyard is in the north, which is the side that is connected to Pra Song Maa Vihara. That makes the stairway automatically located inside the Vihara. The walls of the base are decorated with pillars. On the pillar, there are some standing Buddha images with the disciples inside the camber. On each side of the camber, there are six elephants that only half of their bodies are shown; except on the north that appears only 4 elephants because some of the space is used for the stairs. The top part is gold plated and decorated with Precious gems.
SculpturePhra Puttha Manusanak
It is the standing Buddha image on lotus lion-footed base. King Prajadhipok initiative of building the Buddha is also inscribed on the base. Both arms are elevated. The palms are facing outward and the fingers are extended upwards or it is called the attitude of stopping the rainstorm. The fingertips are not even in length. The robe is worn covering both shoulders. The robe is wavy folded naturally worn over Sabong which also can be detected from the streak underneath. The wavy folded style of robes represents the realistic concept, however other features of the Buddha are still the same such as the calm face, low-glancing eyes, long ears, small hair coils, and there is a low Ushnisha under a flame halo and decorated with five-tiered golden perforated Chatra
SculpturePhra Puttha Panya Akka
The Buddha image is standing on the lotus lion-footed pedestal which there is the inscription of King Chulalongkorn’s royal initiative about building the Buddha image. The image is performing Pang Pratan Apai on both hands or it is called the attitude of stopping the rainstorm. Four fingertips are all even in length. The image wears the robe covering both shoulders but separated on the chest, the same style as the monks of Ramana Nikaya. The robe is wavy folded naturally worn over Sabong which also can be detected from the streak underneath. The wavy folded style of robes represents the realistic concept. The face looks young and calm like a real person. The ears are shrunken but other features of the Buddha are still the same such as the small tightly hair coils with the flame halo. It is decorated with perforated 5-tiered golden Chatra over the head.
SculpturePhra Puttha Jamphunut Mahaburut Lakkana Asitayanubopitr
Phra Puttha Jamphunut Mahaburut Lakkana Asitayanubopitr has a slim body, oval- round face, small hair curl, flame-like halo, curve eyebrows, small open eyes and look straight, the eyelids and eyes browns are in the same line, the lips are slightly curve until it is almost straight. The face looks like a manikin. The nose is quite small and prominent. The Buddha image is sitting in the attitude of subduing Mara. The fingers are in the same level. The large monastic robe is in the middle of the body.
SculpturePhra Buddha mahaloka phinantha patima
Phra Buddha mahaloka phinantha patima has a unique form of Buddha image that created in the reign of King Rama III, that is slim body, quite round, semi-oval face, small knot hair, flame halo, bent eyebrows, almond-eyed, curves mouth curves almost straight, puppet face, Urna supports the halo, squat in Subduing Mara pose, equal four fingers and wear oblique robe without streak.
