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ArchitecturePhra Maha Chedi Si Ratchakan
Phra Maha Chedi Sisanphetchadayan, Phra Maha Chedi Dilokthammakaroknitan and Phra Maha Chedi Munibatborikhan are all Chedi Songkhrueang of redented Chedi on a redented tiered pedestal which achieved its popularity during the reign of King Rama 3 with some distinctive artistic traits of those of the late Ayutthaya period as follows: the lower architectural elements include multi-tiered pedestals with lion-legged corners (Than Singha or lion bases) and Bua Khlum or lotus petal mouldings. The Gharbhaya (hemispherical domes) in shape of a bell with four-redented corners, and superimposed lotus petal mouldings, conical spires, single bead mouldings, and upmost conical spires. All of the architectural elements are adorned with glazed porcelain and pottery with different patterns. Phra Maha Chedi Sisanphetchadayan is ornamented with green glazed pottery, Phra Maha Chedi Dilokthammakaroknitan is decorated with white glazed porcelain, and Phra Maha Chedi Munibatborikhan is adorned with yellow glazed pottery. The Chedi erected by King Rama IV ทรงสร้าง a redented Chedi, decorated with deep blue glazed porcelain. This type of Chedi had been popular since the mid-Ayutthaya period onwards.
Architecturethe ordination hall of Wat Phrachetuphon Wimonmangkhararam
The Ubosot is a masonry building in traditional Thai style. Its pediment is decorated with traditional Thai roof finials, gilded and ornamented with glass mosaics. The building has square masonry supporting columns without lotus caapital. The boundary wall’s exterior framings surrounding the Ubosot are decorated with marble bas-relief sculptures depicting Ramayana or Rammakian. The doors’ exterior panels are decorated with pearl inlay depicting figures of character in Rammakian, while the interior panels are decorated with lacquer works depicting fans of rank for Phra Rachakhana, Phra Khru Sanyabat and Phra Khru Thananukrom belonging to the Gamavasi and the Arannavasi sections from both pronvinces and bangkok. The mural painting of the Ubosot is painted: the panels above the interior window casings depict Mahosadha pandit or Mahā Ummagga Jātaka, the walls between door and window casings display the stories of the top disciples, and the interior window panels are decorated with lacquered position seals of the monk leaders in the cities and in the provinces during the reign of King Rama III. The exterior window panels are carved in Kaeochingduang patterns or overlapping circles and lozenge flowers.
ArchitectureWat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram
The Ubosot of Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram is a masonry traditional building with wooden and glazed terra-cotta tiled roof. It has a roof composed of two superimposed tiers, and the pediments are decorated with a wooden gable bearing a gilded figure of Narayana on a Garuda decorated with glass mosaics. The roof is also adorned with traditional Thai roof finials, and the redented roof-supporting columns are gilded and decorated with glass mosaics. The capitals of the columns are decorated with pointed, superimposed lotus petals. Also, the roof eave is supported by brackets. The exterior wall of the Ubosot is gilded and decorated with a colored glass mosaics in lotus bud motifs.In the Ubosot, the Emerald Buddha is housed on a grand multi-tiered pedestal in front of which are several important Buddha Images, i.e. Phra Putthayotfachulalok, Phra Putthaloetla, Phra Samphutthaphanni, etc. Mural paintings displayed on the interior wall depict Tribhumi, Buddha’s life story, the royal parade, and the royal barge procession. Other significant buildings of the temple are as follows: in the north of the Ubosot, Phra Sriratana Chedi is erected on a tiered supporting base. The bell-shaped Chedi replicates the original Chedi at Wat Phrasisanphet in Ayutthaya Province. The Chedi is fully ornamented with golden tiles. Next to the Chedi, is Phra Mondop where Tipiṭaka or the Buddhist scriptures are kept. The building with a square plan has a multi-tiered conical roof with a spire on top. Its doors feature pearl-inlaid work. Dvarapala Yakṣa sculptures stand in front of the building, and the step entrance are flanked by figures of Nāgas with human’s face. In the same area, the Royal Pantheon, a four-porched building with a multi-tiered roof and a stupa on top, is situated. The four pediments are decorated with royal emblems of King Rama I to King Rama IV. The window panels are adorned with royal emblems of King Rama I to King Rama V. The Royal Pantheon houses statues of the previous kings of the Rattanakosin Era.
ArchitecturePhra Sumen Fort
Phra Sumen Fort is an octagonal building built with brick and stucco which faces Banglamphu Canal. The fort with a double wall has 3 step gateways, merlons and crenels.The outer wall is separated from the inner wall by a wall with pointed boundary markers on top. There is A door to the front of the fort. The front part of the outer wall has large rectangular merlons with small cross-shaped holes. The inner wall has a step gateway at the back side, and pointed boundary markers are on top of the inner wall and 4 pointed arches are cut through below on each side. The inner ward is divided into rooms for keeping black-powder ammunition and weapons, while the upper part of the inner wall is the battle tower.
ArchitectureRelics of Nakhon Si Thammarat
The current form from the base until the top of the Relics Nakhon Si Thammarat is as follows.The bottom part is high surrounded by a balcony called Tubkaset Vihara. The stairway leads to the courtyard is in the north, which is the side that is connected to Pra Song Maa Vihara. That makes the stairway automatically located inside the Vihara. The walls of the base are decorated with pillars. On the pillar, there are some standing Buddha images with the disciples inside the camber. On each side of the camber, there are six elephants that only half of their bodies are shown; except on the north that appears only 4 elephants because some of the space is used for the stairs. The top part is gold plated and decorated with Precious gems.
ArchitectureThe Junk Vessel with Adorned Pagodas
The junk is made of bricks and stucco and similar to a Teochew junk. The bow is facing south to Chao Phraya River. The stern is facing north. The room on the stern enshrines the Buddha image and the Buddha footprint. A large adorned pagoda is enshrined in the middle and another small adorned pagoda is enshrined at the bow. The design of the adorned pagodas is composed of a set of three lion-footed bases with Bua Klum (a group of lotus petal) under the in bell-shaped part. The spire part is composed of a group of lotus petal vine, the tapering finial, and the topmost orb. An adorned pagoda is a style which was evident since the late Ayutthaya and was very popular in King Rama III period.
ArchitecturePhra Phuttha Prang
All three Prangs are on the same Paitee base (the shared ground base which supports many types of building together). The lower part of these three Prangs is the set of pointed-center lotus base. Ruean Dhatu of the principal Prang is the cruciform Mondop style. There are the sculptures of Giants standing and holding bats at the indented corners of Prang. The wall on the indented corners area is decorated with Kab Brahmasorn (a style of decoration on posts). The roof is a cruciform three-tiered tile roof. The roof is decorated with Chofa, in form of Nok Chao style (one head Naga), Bai Raka and Hang Hong in descending order. The spire has 6 tiers in stack decorated with tightly leaf-like petal sculptures. There also is a tier that is decorated with the angel sculptures putting the hands together on their chests, and the giant sculptures holding things over head motifs. Other two flank Prangs have the same forms. However, they are smaller. The roof has two tiers. The gables are plain triangles, no Nok Chao, Bai Raka, and Hang Hong.
ArchitectureWat Rajapradit Sathit Mahasimaram
There are a lot of important architecture styles inside Wat Rajapradit Sathit Mahasimara, both for the temple area and the area for the monks. In the temple area, there is a royal monastery in a traditional Thai style. The building is decorated with marble. The wooden roof is decorated with Lam Yong decorative tile. The gable is the picture of Maha Makut and Phra Khan placed on an ornate tray. Below the gable is a picture of an important elephant with tiered umbrellas on both sides. Behind the vihara is Pasana Chedi which is the principal pagoda of the temple. It is a bell-shape pagoda made of marble. Phra Jom Tower is another important building in the temple. The temples with only temples and pagodas can be found in the temple built according to the wishes of King Rama IV. The monk’s area of this temple is prohibited for women.
