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Arts in Southeast Asia Database
PaintingTumpalai Phu Pha Yon
The various engraved drawings can be classified as follows:1. Human figures. There are 21 engraved drawings of people, including both realistic and semi-realistic portraits. There are 9 realistic drawings, 2 of children and 7 of adults, that show the similarity between the real person and the drawing, for instance, the drawing of a person with an emphasis on only the outlines; the description of organs such as ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers, toes are not shown. The semi-realistic drawing is the drawing that characterizes the person in proportion but will be inaccurate from reality, for instance, the human head is in a square shape or the muscles of the limbs are not focused. However, other important parts such as ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers and toes aren’t completely shown. There are 12 drawings of this type. 2. Human hands. There is only one drawing of a right hand with the palm open. There are six fingers on the hand.3.Animals figures There are 21 drawings, 8 of fish, 4 of birds, 2 of dogs, 1 of a squirrel or a chipmunk, 1 of a buffalo, 4 of buffaloes or cows, 1 of a frog or a small green frog. 4. Geometrical motifs There are a lot of drawings with straight lines, curve lines or lines with different patterns, square, triangle, cross, arrowhead, rhombic triangle, single line, arranged lines, and crossed lines and sometimes the shape cannot be identified. 5.Appliance For example, a picture that resembles a plow, farming tools that show only the head area called “Moldboard plow” or “Phal” at the rear. There are also drawings of a shovel with a handle and a fan for blowing away the withered grain. 6.Building There are 2 drawings that look like a house. It is a house with a gable roof. One drawing is of a house with a dog inside and another drawing is of a house with a crossed roof similar to the roof of Kalae house or the roof of a hut in a farm in northeast of Thailand and it looks like there is a person inside the house.
SculptureRock carving depicting Buddha images
This bas-relief carving depicts the Lord Buddha as the principle positioned at the far left of the group. The Lord Buddha is seated with dropping legs on a throne. The hands depict the attitude of giving the first sermon. On the right, there is a picture of person with one head and two arms. He is seated in a Lalitasana posture. It is believed that the person is Shiva as his left hands holds rosary. Next to this, there is another person, which can be Vishnu as he has four arms. The regular arms are crossed at his chest showing respect to the Lord Buddha. The other two arms hold discus and couch shell. On the right, there are pictures of 2 flying gods and one hermit.
SculptureCraved rock depicting a Buddha image
The Buddha image is seated in a meditation attitude. There is an umbrella covering his head. On the right, there is the wheel of law placed on a pillar. On the left, there is a round Chedi.
SculptureThe Twin Miracles Sculpture
This rock-craved sculpture depicts the twin miracles scene at Sawasti to fight the non-believers. The Lord Buddha sits on a throne with dropping leg and the right hand is in the giving sermon attitude.Both sides are surrounded with people. On each side, there is a horizontal line dividing people into two groups. This might mean that under the straight line is the earth and over the straight line is heaven. Therefore, the group of people under the line on the right of the Lord Buddha might be King Pasenthikosol and his followers, whereas people on the other side might be the defeated non-believers. The group of people above the line might be people on the heaven. On the right, it might be Indra and other gods, whereas on the left might be Brahman. On the branches of the tree, there are 7 Lord Buddha in different postures.
SculptureWall Carved: Prasat at Prasat Sombopraikuk
The Prasat is built from bricks located within the square plan. There is the pillar attached to each corner of the Prasat as well as the Ruean Tat (Middle Part of the Prasat). There is only one entrance with three others are seen but clogged. The roof are made in the replica pattern of Ruen Tat stacked up in the style of Vimana of Suthern Indian Art. The Prasat is located on a flat ground with no stacking base.
ArchitectureInterior circumambulatory path of Ananda
The inner circumambulatory paths of Ananda are double in number surrounding the central solid core and the sanctums of the temple. There are also numerous sculptures embedded in the wall of the ambulatory path depicting the life of the Buddha. These sculptures are meant for educating the devotees while ambulating around the temple. The arch of the roof supports the sloping roof of the temple. This kind of inner circumambulatory path can be traced back to Pāla temples, including Paharpur and Vikramshila.
ArchitectureCircumambulatory path and narratives at Borobudur
The stupa comprises five multi-angled terraces, each of them provides the circumambulatory path and the narratives of Mahāyāna Buddhism. The themes of the narratives derive from several scriptures. The narratives at the lower terrace depict the stories from Lalitavistara, Jātaka and Avadāna while the upper 2nd-4th terraces depict the story form Gandhavyuhasūtra. Devotees who circumambulated the stupa would be able to be educated from these narratives. Moreover, these narratives are also the iconographic symbol of the cosmological program conceived at Borobudur.
SculptureNarrative derived from Panchatantra: Crane and Crab
Candi Mendut was built in Centra Java by Sai Lane dynasty in 14th century BE. It was built in Mahayana around the same period as Borobudur. Candi Mendut is in the same area as Candi Pawon and Borobudur.
