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Arts in Southeast Asia Database
SculptureThe footprint of the Buddha
The footprint is engraved on a rectangular stone. Some parts of the stone are damaged. There are actually four overlapped footprints detected by the lines on the sides and heel. The footprint that was used for pattern studying is the smallest one as other three have only the lines on the sides and heel. The toe fingers on the smallest footprint are not equal in length. Each finger has a whorl motif decorated. In the middle of the sole, there is Chakra symbol which are decorated with the 108 propitious motifs. Two points on the area connected to the toe fingers are decorated with whorl motifs , while the heel is decorated with lotus petal motif.
SculptureThe attitude of subduing Mara
The stucco Buddha image is sitting simple cross-legged on the lotus base. The hand is in the attitude of subduing Mara. The image has a round face, yet rather oval which could indicate the time during the change from the round face in early Sukhothai Buddha images to the oval face the Major Group. The eyebrows are arched. The eyes are gazing down. It also has a pointed nose, well-proportioned lips and small finer hair curls. The robe is worn across the body without drapery folds. The outer robe is worn on the left shoulder. It has a special feature that makes it different from other images in the Major Group which is that the whole outer robe is folded while other images in the Major Group will be folded only the edge.
SculptureThe attitude of subduing Mara
The Buddha image is in meditation posture sitting simple cross-legged on the plain base. The hands are performing the attitude of subduing Mara which is the remarkable feature of Sukhothai Buddha images under the Major Group and the features are including the oval face, the arched eyebrows, the low gazing eyes, the aquiline nose, the well-proportioned lips, the big spiral-liked hair curls, the high Usnisa, flame-liked aureole, wearing cross-body robe with no crease, the long small outer robe strip with the edge reaching the navel, and the folded edge known as centipede fangs.
SculptureBuddha image
The Buddha image is damaged in many parts that it cannot be detected of which manner and attitude it was originally made. As it is a high relief sculpture, it is believed that the image was used to decorate a religious place attached to the wall. It has a round face with arched eyebrows and pointed nose. The eyes are gazing down. The lips are fairly well-proportioned, though curvy-shaped like a wave. The hair is tightly curled into finer small curls. Usanisa (cranial bump) is swelling high. The halo on top of the head is damaged and missing. The image has prominent chest with the robe worn across the body, no drapery folds. The outer robe is small and short only above the breast. The edged is folded in many layers and this is known as centipede fangs.
SculptureNaga-Protected Buddha
This bronze Naga-Protected Buddha can be separated into 3 parts; the body (Buddha), the Naga’s head, and the Naga Coil.The Buddha is seated in the lotus position with subduing Mara hand gesture which is unusual as most Naga-Protected Buddha would be craft in the meditation posture. This unique style is classified as the characteristic of the Chaiya School of Art. The hole on the forehead of the Image was likely made later. The Usaneesa is in the half circle shape, undecorated. There are triangular panels that originally had gems adorned in the front side. The seam of the robe runs pass through the left shoulder to the belly is in a square bars overlapping in several layers. The 7 heads of Naga are in triangular shape, similar to Bodhi leaf. The Middle head is the largest with 3 smaller heads that turn toward the main head on each sides. All of them were placed next to each other in the panel form comparable to the Naga Heads in Lavo or Khmer Art in Thailand during the Angkor Era like the ones at Angkor Thom and Bayon. The 3-layer Naga Coil is comparable to the Naga coil of Lavo or Khmer Art in Thailand during the Angkor Era as well especially the ones in Angkor Wat. The characteristic of this style is that each layers is not equal. It goes from the largest one on the top to the smallest one in the bottom in the reverse triangle shape. Moreover, on top of the coil is the lotus base for the Buddha Image.
SculptureAvalokitesvara Bodhisattva
The sculpture is in the damaged condition. Only the head and upper body in ‘Tribhanga’ posture (standing body position or stance used in the traditional Indian sculpture, art and Indian classical dance forms) are left. The lower part of body is lost.The face is plump and well-crafted. The eyelids are half closed. The Unalome is visible at the forehead while head wears the triangle crown with jewelries. The hair bun on the top of the head is broken and lost, only the hair that is down to the shoulders left. The body wears many accessories such as the leather body bracelet with the chamois head on the left shoulder. This body bracelet is overlapped by a pearl body bracelet. Two necklaces, the top one is of pearls and the lower one is jewelries with flowers decorated. The jewels bracelet is also visible. Overall, this sculpture reflects the relationship between the Network of Mahayana Buddhist Kingdoms such as Pala Dynasty of India and Shailendra Dynasty of Java. However, the study by Assoc Prof Chet Tingsanchali points out the traits of the sculpture that do not exist in Java Art which means this sculpture might be crafted in Thailand.
SculptureBuddha Amulets
These amulets were found in many area of Southern Thailand. These amulets are rounded. The upper part is slightly pointed. Some pieces are made with the bottom pointed with Bodhisattva or other holy figure images imprinted in the middle. For example, The 21-arm and 4-arm Avalokitesvara, or Kubera, Lord of Wealth and the god-king of the semi-divine Yakshas. These amulets are found in the territories of Mahayana Buddhist Kingdoms such as Pala Dynasty of India and Shailendra Dynasty of Java which made them the evidence of the relationship between the Mahayana Buddhist Kingdoms Network.
SculptureSubduing Mara Buddha (Mara Vijaya Posture)
The double lotus seated Buddha with the subduing Mara hand gesture on top of the double layers lotus throne with the singha at the corners. The round halo is on the back while the middle part is penetrated. The edges of halo are decorated by the flowers and the flames. The Chattra is above the Buddha.
