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Arts in Southeast Asia Database
ArchitectureWat Phra Kaew Noi
Phra Ubosot of Wat Phra Kaew Noi is a traditional Thai marble building in rectangular plan. The pediment displays Phra Mongkut on Phan Waenfah surrounded by two five-tiered parasols and Petchaburi floral pattern at the back. The wall painting shows floral pattern, while the windows and doorways are decorated with stucco figures. The duplicated Phra Nirantarai and the duplicated Emerald Buddha are installed inside the ubosot. Phra Sudhaselachedi is a bell-shaped marble stupa at the back of the ubosot which can be reached by the corridor to the veranda. The marble was cut from Koh Sichang, Chonburi by the order of King Rama IV. He also store the buddha relics inside the stupa.
ArchitecturePhra Pratonchedi
Phra Pratonchedi is a brick-and-stucco stupa, whose platform should be built in Dvaravati period. The lower-tiered platform is in square plan and has staircases in four directions. The middle-tiered platform is in edge-and-side-increased square plan, which has pilasters at intervals and a wire called “Buavalai”. The upper platform might be a chamber or an anda, which had niches attached around the stupa. A prang-typed stupa, which might be made in Ayudhya period and was renovated later in Rattanakosin eriod, stands on a pyramidal pedestals in octagonal plan, while the chamber has multiple edges and cylindric finial.
ArchitecturePhra Pathomchedi
Phra Pathomchedi is the largest bell-shaped stupa in Thailand. Its anda is above the veranda in circular plan, where there is a clioster connecting viharns in the four directions. Its platform starts with a set of lotus-shaped pedestal, a set of pyramidal wires, an anda, a ballang in sqaure plan surrounded by supporting pillars and the cylindrical plump finial. The buddha figure in the northern viharn stands for his birth. The buddha figure in the easthern viharn stands for his enlightenment. The buddha figure in the southern viharn stands for his first teaching and The buddha figure in the western viharn stands for his attaining to nirvana.
ArchitecturePhra That Phnom
Phra That Phnom is a brick stupa in sqaure plan. The anda is not plastered, but decorated by virtual niches and round pilasters. Each corner is decorated by floral-pattern and figure of a man riding an animal. These features can be related to the Mythology of Uranghathat that Umong (Ubmung) was built by four kings. The upper chamber is beneath the square-bell-shaped top, which is the unique element of Lanchang Art.
ArchitectureThe Main Sanctuary of Prasat Phimai
The main sanctuary was built of white sandstone and oriented toward the south. Its plan consists of an indented-plan tower with entrances on the northern, eastern and western sides leading to the cella or garbhagrha. The antarala is on the southern side connecting the rectangular mandapa of which its entrances are on the southern, (initially, this area should house a statue hence the blocked pathway), eastern and western sides. On the ridge of the roofs of porticos, antarala and mandapa are adorned with finials (brali).Each tier of the stepped roofs is a miniature-form of the sanctuary. The roofs are also adorned with the overhangs and cornered antefixes. On the very top is a kalasa or a water pot symbol, it is believed that there is a metal nine-tiered trident over the kalasa which is now lost. The garbhagrha housesa a Bayon sculpture of Buddha sheltered by naga, therefore this buddha statue was not the original statue of the older main sanctuary. There is also a somasutra or a drainage channel leading northeastward.
ArchitecturePrasat Phimai
Prasat Phimai locates in the center of the town and is oriented toward the south. Main buildings of temple complex from the entrance to the main sanctuary are as followed;1. a cruciform naga terrace, from the southwest of the terrace is a rectangular building commonly referred to as a disrobing pavilion2. the cruciform naga terrace leads to the entrance gopuras and enclosure wall, with imposing cruciform gate (gopura) on four sides.3. following the southern entrance gopura is a causeway which connects the southern entrance gopura of the outer enclosure and the southern entrance of the gallery. Originally the causeway had a tiled-wooden beam roof.4. an area between the outer enclosure and gallery there are two libraries to the west as well as four ponds at the four corners closed to the enclosure wall.5. the inner gallery surrounds the central and most holy area of the temple. Four cruciform gopura serve as an entrance on each side of the gallery. 6. at the centre of the complex, the white sandstone main sanctuary was erected and oriented to the south. There are also lesser buildings scattered around in the same area such as Prang Brahmadat to the southeast, Ho Brahma (Brahmin Hall) and Prang Hin Daeng (Red Stone Tower) are on the southwest, and to the east found a base of some building possibly a pavilion.
ArchitecturePrang Sam Yot
Prang Sam Yot is a laterite ancient khmer temple. It was exclusively built with laterite except for the sandstone at the pediments and other minor parts. During the Ayutthaya period, brickworks were applied at the windows. Now stucco decoration has been mostly gone.The main sanctuary consists of three linked tower on the north-south axis and are oriented toward the east, All three towers share the same architectural style but the central tower being the tallest. The main sanctuary is in an indented plan with portico on four sides. Inside eace tower contains a base for the statue which is now removed. The superstructure comprises 5 tiers of scaled-down roofs topped with a lotus bud ornament, originally there should be a nine-tiered trident which is now lost. In front of the central tower stood the rectangular brick hall or vihara with an arch door. The vihara houses a seated buddha image.
ArchitecturePrang Khaek
Prang Khaek comprises three brick towers in a north-east axis and face toward the east. The central tower is the highest and heaviest of the three. An excavation by Saritphong Khungsong discovered a single large rectangular foundation (Phaiti base) supporting all three towers.All three towers share similar architectural structure and style which are a base with projections, an entrance on the eastern side whereas other three sides display a blind door, and a multi-tiered superstructure. Stucco motifs which once were adorned the buildings are mostly now lost. The vihara, a rectangular brick building, which is adjacent to the eastern side of the central tower has a pointed arch doorway. The supposed water supply tank locates to the south of the vihara.
