Tumpalai Phu Pha Yon

Keywords : Rock engraving, Prehistoric Rock engraving, Tumpalai Phu Pha Yon, Tumpalai Phu Pha Yol

Site common name	Phu Pha Yon
Site alternative name	Tumpalai Phu Pha Yol
Type of artwork	Painting
Sub district	Kok Pla Sew
District	Mueang Sakon Nakhon
Province	Sakon Nakhon
Region	Northeast
Country	Thailand
Geographic Coordinates Decimal degree	Lat : 16.939175 Long : 104.076446
Geographic Coordinates UTM	Zone : 48 Q Hemisphere : N E : 401454.26 N : 1873217.01
Place of artwork	Tumpalai is located on the cliff on the west side of Phu Pha Yon, a part of the Phu Phan mountain range, and about 1 kilometer on the east side of Na Phang village from and 200 meters above the foothills.

History of production	No evidence related to the establishing history
Production process	Engraved into the rock
Size	45 meters long cliff
Art	The various engraved drawings can be classified as follows: 1. Human figures. There are 21 engraved drawings of people, including both realistic and semi-realistic portraits. There are 9 realistic drawings, 2 of children and 7 of adults, that show the similarity between the real person and the drawing, for instance, the drawing of a person with an emphasis on only the outlines; the description of organs such as ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers, toes are not shown. The semi-realistic drawing is the drawing that characterizes the person in proportion but will be inaccurate from reality, for instance, the human head is in a square shape or the muscles of the limbs are not focused. However, other important parts such as ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers and toes aren’t completely shown. There are 12 drawings of this type. 2. Human hands. There is only one drawing of a right hand with the palm open. There are six fingers on the hand. 3.Animals figures There are 21 drawings, 8 of fish, 4 of birds, 2 of dogs, 1 of a squirrel or a chipmunk, 1 of a buffalo, 4 of buffaloes or cows, 1 of a frog or a small green frog. 4. Geometrical motifs There are a lot of drawings with straight lines, curve lines or lines with different patterns, square, triangle, cross, arrowhead, rhombic triangle, single line, arranged lines, and crossed lines and sometimes the shape cannot be identified. 5.Appliance For example, a picture that resembles a plow, farming tools that show only the head area called “Moldboard plow” or “Phal” at the rear. There are also drawings of a shovel with a handle and a fan for blowing away the withered grain. 6.Building There are 2 drawings that look like a house. It is a house with a gable roof. One drawing is of a house with a dog inside and another drawing is of a house with a crossed roof similar to the roof of Kalae house or the roof of a hut in a farm in northeast of Thailand and it looks like there is a person inside the house.
School	Prehistoric
Key academic information	This is the most completed rock painting on a natural shred in the prehistoric period found in Thailand reflecting the way of life of the people in those days. The engraved images contain lines, symbols of people and animals in various gestures; the meaning of the lines cannot be interpreted.
Notice	Respect or worship nature such as the sun, mountains, rivers, and natural phenomena such as thunder, lightning, storms
Period	Prehistorical Period
Art period	Prehistoric Age
Age	3,500 years old
Religion and belief	Respect or worship nature

Type of License	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
Rights	Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre
Date of record creation	2016-05-27
Record creator	Rungroj Thamrungraeng
Bibliography	พเยาว์ เข็มนาค. ศิลปะถ้ำสมัยก่อนประวัติศาสตร์ในประเทศไทย. กรุงเทพฯ : กองโบราณคดี กรมศิลปากร, 2539.