The attitude of subduing Mara

Keywords : The attitude of subduing Mara, Sawankhuannayok National Museum, Burapharam Temple

Site common name	Sawankhuannayok National Museum
Type of artwork	Sculpture
Sub district	Wang Phinphat
District	Sawankhalok
Province	Sukhothai
Region	Central
Country	Thailand
Geographic Coordinates Decimal degree	Lat : 17.31991 Long : 99.826491
Geographic Coordinates UTM	Zone : 47 P Hemisphere : N E : 587826.28 N : 1915134.18
Place of artwork	It is exhibited in the exhibition room of Sawankhuannayok National Museum.

History of production	This style of Buddha image is called “the 3^rd generation of U-thong” aged around mid-20^th century B.E. There is an inscription read “I created this in this temple” The scholars analyzed that the one who had built this Buddha image might be Phra Mahathevi Srichulalak, the wife of PhraThammaracha, the builder of Burapharam temple.
Production process	Casting bronze
Conservation	It was discovered from the stupa of Mahathat temple by the villains. Later, Phra Ratchaprasitthikhun (Tim Yassathinno) kept it in Ratchathani temple, Muang district, Sukhothai. In the present, it is in Sawankhuannayok National Museum.
Size	The lap is 35 centimeters wide and it is 50 centimeters tall.
Art	The attitude of subduing Mara is sitting on the plain lotus base without any decorations. This style reflects the style of before Ayutthaya – early Ayutthaya or the 1^st and the 2^nd generation of U-Thong Buddha images. It is also related to the large section of Sukhothai arts. The significant characteristics that transfer from the 1^st and the 2^nd generation of U-Thong Buddha images are the sitting position on a plain lotus base in the attitude of subduing Mara. The hair looks like the thorns of jackfruit. The oval face, flame-like halo, and curve eyebrows show the relation with Sukhothai arts. The not wavy hairline style is also associated with a large section of Sukhothai arts. This Buddha image wears the rope with a long-large straight seam. The right hand is on a leg. The style is gentler than the 1^st and the 2^nd generation of U-Thong Buddha and this might relate to Sukhothai’s Buddha image style.
Key academic information	This 3^rd generation U-Thong Buddha image was found in one of the stupas in Mahathat temple, Muang district, Sukhothai. There is an inscription read “I created this in this temple” The scholars analyzed that the one who had built this Buddha image might be Phra Mahathevi Srichulalak, the wife of PhraThammaracha who is the son of Phra Mahathammaracha Lithai and Phrasrithammaratchamanda. It is also assumed that the creator of the Buddha image is a princess from Suphannaphum dynasty.
Notice	1.The inscription written in Thai language in Sukhothai can be read that “The goddess had built this Buddha image for Burapharam temple”. 2. Scholars call this Buddha “The 3^rd generation of U-Thong Buddha image”
Art period	Ayutthaya
Age	Mid 20th century B.E
Religion	Buddhism
Religion and belief	Buddhism

Type of License	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
Rights	Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre
Date of record creation	2016-09-30
Record creator	Rungroj Thamrungraeng
Bibliography	Phiset Jiajanphong. “The meaning of Buddha Images in U-Thong Arts found in Sukhothai” Damrong-journal, Volume 13, No. 1 (January-June, 2014), page 45-72. Phiset Jiajanphong. “Lady Si Chulaluck (not from Sukhothai).” Religion and Politics in Sukhothai-Ayutthaya History. Bangkok: Matichon, 2002, 97-108 Sakchai Saising. Buddha Images in Thailand, Style, Development, and Beliefs of Thai people. Bangkok: Department of Art History, Faculty of Archeology, Silpakorn University, 2013. Santi Leksukhum. Ayutthaya Arts: The work of the royal land. 3rd edition, Bangkok: Ancient City, 2007.